MSK Equine Developmental Orthopedic Diseases Practice Test

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• For angular limb deformities due to asymmetric growth at the physis, which of the following constitutes the conservative treatment?
• What is the treatment for foal with angular limb deformities due to incomplete ossification?
• What surgical treatment is used to cause growth retardation for the treatment of angular limb deformity?
• OC lesions commonly involve which combination of joints?
• What are the surgical options for treatment of flexural deformity of the MCPJ?
• Which tendon is involved with flexural deformity of the DIPJ?
• Which age range is typical for MCPJ flexural deformity?
• In what plane do flexural deformities occur?
• In foals with angular limb deformities due to laxity of periarticular supporting structures, what is the recommended treatment?
• Which plane do flexural deformities occur in?
• Which imaging modalities may be used to diagnose subchondral cystic lesions?
• It is most important to consider physeal closure times when creating a treatment plan for angular limb deformities.
• How does MCPJ flexural deformity appear?
• How does DIPJ flexural deformity appear in the hoof?
• What is the most common location of OC in the femoropatellar joint?
• Which of the following is a nonsurgical treatment option for flexural deformity of the MCPJ?
• What are the typical signalments (ages) for acquired flexural deformities in the distal interphalangeal joint (DIPJ) and metacarpophalangeal joint (MCPJ)?
• Varus deformity correction by trimming should aim to shorten which wall?
• How are developmental orthopedic diseases defined?
• What is the pathogenesis of osteochondrosis-associated subchondral cystic lesions?
• Which joint in the tarsus is most commonly affected by OC?
• Which of the following is NOT listed as a potential etiology of OC?
• Outside of a joint, locations for angular limb deformities?
• What is the goal of growth retardation in the treatment of angular limb deformities?
• What are the conservative treatment options for subchondral cystic lesions?
• What is considered to be a normal angular limb deformity?
• Do subchondral cystic lesions always communicate with the joint?
• Layman's term for valgus (lateral deviation) of a limb?
• Which option correctly pairs a surgical treatment with the joint it treats?
• For mild digital hyperextension in horses, what is the recommended treatment option?
• Radiographs help identify which of the following features?
• Periosteal transection for growth acceleration is performed on which aspect of the limb?
• How can nutrition be addressed in treatment of acquired flexural deformities?
• Cartilage at the articular side of the epiphysis forms which structure?
• What is the primary purpose of a transcondylar screw in the treatment of subchondral cystic lesions?
• During treatment for angular limb deformities due to incomplete ossification, which management is used?
• During longitudinal growth, at which location do chondrocytes proliferate?
• What does SCL stand for in developmental orthopedic diseases?
• Osteochondritis dissecans is also known as which term?
• Which of the following is NOT a treatment option for moderate to marked carpal contracture?
• When might surgical management of congenital flexural deformities be considered?
• Which option is not part of the listed diagnostic methods for angular limb deformities?
• Which option correctly describes valgus deformity in terms of limb deviation?
• Which of the following is a type of congenital flexural deformity?
• What is the cause of angular limb deformity?
• Conservative treatment is most appropriate for which scenario?
• Where do subchondral cystic lesions occur?
• Which of the following is the proper corrective trimming for varus?
• A limb deformity of 12 degrees would be categorized as which type?
• Which of the following best describes a plausible mechanism for acquired flexural deformities?
• Which joints are most predisposed to developmental flexural deformities?
• Imaging modality recommended to diagnose OC in effusive joints?
• Which of the following is a developmental factor associated with angular limb deformities?
• Desmotomy of which ligament is known as the superior check ligament desmotomy?
• When can angular limb deformity in the proximal phalanx be surgically repaired?
• In the normal growth sequence, what is the step immediately after hypertrophy and apoptosis of chondrocytes?
• Is bilateral occurrence of OC common in horses?
• In which animals can we expect success with conservative treatment of OC?
• Which joints are most predisposed to congenital flexural deformities?
• What are the treatment options for moderate to marked carpal contracture?
• NOT a typical site for angular limb deformity outside the joint?
• What is the typical age of onset for cervical vertebral malformation?
• Why does OC not tend to present with lameness as the primary clinical sign?
• Layman's term for varus (medial deviation) of a limb?
• In the management of angular limb deformities, which statement best represents the timing for surgical repair in foals?
• What is considered to be a moderate angular limb deformity?
• What is the purpose of manipulation and palpation in angular limb deformities assessment?
• Which statement best describes the typical signalment for horses presenting with subchondral cystic lesions?
• Which tendons are involved with MCPJ flexural deformity?
• Osteochondritis dissecans is defined as which of the following?
• Which sequence best describes the normal process of longitudinal growth in long bones?
• During growth, which cell type proliferates at the physis?
• When can angular limb deformity in the radius be surgically repaired?
• What is the treatment option for mild carpal contracture?
• The goal of growth acceleration in the treatment of angular limb deformities?
• Which nutritional factor is considered a potential etiology of OC?
• The assessment of laxity of the joint is primarily achieved through which method?
• Which of the following is a surgical treatment option for subchondral cystic lesions?
• Which age groups are commonly affected by subchondral cystic lesions in horses?
• Sites for angular limb deformities outside a joint: which option lists all?
• Incomplete ossification may be the etiology of angular limb deformity in which scenario?
• Flexural deformity of the DIPJ is also known as:
• What does OC stand for in the context of developmental orthopedic diseases?
• Which procedure is indicated for moderate to severe flexural deformity of the DIPJ?
• What are the etiologies of acquired flexural deformities?
• At what age is development of OC in the femoropatellar joint most common?
• Which combination of clinical signs is typical for subchondral cystic lesions?
• What are the treatment options for moderate to marked MCP/MTP contracture?
• Match each bone to the typical minimum age for surgical repair of angular limb deformity.
• Which procedure addresses both the superior and inferior check ligaments for MCPJ deformity?
• How are subchondral cystic lesions diagnosed?
• Which term describes medial deviation of a limb?
• What is the treatment for all acquired flexural deformities?
• Which imaging modality is NOT typically used to diagnose subchondral cystic lesions?
• What is the purpose of radiographs in angular limb deformities?
• Developmental flexural deformities predispose which joints?
• What is the conservative treatment for OC?
• Developmental flexural deformities predisposed joints?
• Which joint is involved in congenital flexural deformities?
• What surgical treatment is used to cause growth acceleration for the treatment of angular limb deformity?
• What is the surgical treatment for flexural deformity of the DIPJ?
• Cervical vertebral malformation etiology is best described as?
• When should surgical treatment be considered for angular limb deformities?
• Which statement best describes the aim of DIPJ treatment?
• Hoof manipulation is most appropriate in which scenario?
• Cervical vertebral malformation is characterized by what anatomical finding?
• Which combination describes the conservative management for angular limb deformities due to asymmetric physeal growth?
• Which combination of factors is considered a possible etiology for cervical vertebral malformation?
• Which joints are commonly affected by acquired flexural deformities in foals?
• Which hoof modification is used to address valgus deformity through extension?
• During treatment for incomplete ossification, how often are radiographs recommended?
• What is the treatment option for mild MCP/MTP contracture?
• Which location is the first-ranked OC site in the tarsocrural joint?
• Which joints are most commonly affected by OC in horses?
• Which surgical option is used for MCPJ flexural deformity but not DIPJ?
• Which joint is most commonly affected by angular limb deformity?
• What is endochondral ossification?
• Which term describes lateral deviation of a limb?
• Which joints predisposed to developmental flexural deformities?
• What are the treatment options for moderate to severe digital hyperextension?
• Which statement is NOT a typical focus of management for flexural deformities?
• Which process describes the growth-related transformation of cartilage into bone?
• OC lesions are typically located at which site?
• What is osteochondrosis?
• Which of the following is NOT typically part of conservative management for OC?
• Which clinical sign is associated with cervical vertebral malformation?
• Valgus deformity: proper corrective trimming?
• Which of the following best describes digital hyperextension appearance?
• Which of the following is a congenital flexural deformity type?
• Which joint is NOT among the most commonly affected by OC in horses?
• Which statement best describes prognosis with appropriate management?
• Which statement accurately describes when surgical management is considered for congenital flexural deformities?
• Which choice is NOT a conservative treatment option for subchondral cystic lesions?
• In endochondral ossification, what is the role of osteoblasts after the cartilage scaffold is formed?
• What is the pathogenesis of trauma-associated subchondral cystic lesions?
• Valgus proper corrective shoeing?
• OC in which location can cause somewhat severe lameness?
• What does OCD stand for?
• Which statement is true regarding bilateral subchondral cystic lesions?
• Etology CVM: which statement is accurate?
• 'Wobblers' is aka which condition?
• Implants placed to bridge the physis on the convex aspect are used to achieve which effect?
• Which of the following is a treatment option for mild MCP/MTP contracture?
• What is the purpose of rasping down the heel for treat flexural deformity of the DIPJ?
• Which finding is part of OC pathogenesis?
• In horses, subchondral cystic lesions most commonly affect which part of the stifle joint?
• When can angular limb deformity in the MC/MTIII bone be surgically repaired?
• Which joint in the stifle is most commonly affected by OC?
• What is considered to be a severe angular limb deformity?
• Best mode of diagnosis for OC?
• Which limb is most commonly affected by flexural deformities?
• What is the most common signalment of OC?
• Transcondylar screw treatment is an option for subchondral cystic lesions in which location?
• What is considered to be a mild angular limb deformity?
• What is the goal of treatment for flexural deformity of the DIPJ?
• Which statement best describes OC-associated subchondral cystic lesions?
• Developmental orthopedic diseases are defined as which of the following?
• What is the treatment of choice for osteochondrosis-associated subchondral cystic lesions?
• How should a horse be inspected for angular limb deformity?
• For diagnosing OC, radiographs are performed on which type of joints?
• What are the options for diagnosis of angular limb deformities?
• Which procedure corresponds to desmotomy of the inferior accessory ligament of the DDFT?
• In the management of moderate to severe digital hyperextension, which option is commonly used?
• Which location is the second most common OC site in the tarsocrural joint?
• When can angular limb deformity in the tibia be surgically repaired?
• Which of the following best describes the clinical sign pattern commonly seen with subchondral cystic lesions?
• Flexural deformities affect which structures?
• Which of the following is a perinatal factor associated with angular limb deformities?
• How does digital hyperextension appear?
• What is the most common location of subchondral cystic lesions in horses?
• After treatment, what is the prognosis for most joints with osteochondrosis-associated subchondral cystic lesions?
• The apex of most limb deformities is associated with which structure?
• How are acquired flexural deformities diagnosed?
• What is a flexural deformity?
• Typical presentation of OC (most common)
• Which statement best describes the pathogenesis of OC?
• Which option is a nonsurgical treatment option for flexural deformity of the MCPJ?
• At what age is development of OC in the tarsocrural joint most common?
• Subchondral cystic lesions are radiographically defined by which description?
• Varus corrective shoeing?
• Rank the top three locations of OC within the tarsocrural joint, from most to least common.
• What is the most common location of OC in MCP/MTP joints?
• A deformity measuring 4 degrees would be categorized as which type?
• What tissue fills the radiolucent area of a subchondral cystic lesion?
• DIPJ stands for distal interphalangeal joint. Which of the following is the correct expansion of DIPJ?
• What are the two types of causes of subchondral cystic lesions?
• Why radiograph the contralateral limb if a subchondral cystic lesion is found in one leg?
• What are the surgical options for treatment of moderate to severe flexural deformity of the MCPJ?
• In which animals is oxytetracycline contraindicated for treatment of congenital flexural deformities?
• Prognosis for surgical debridement of subchondral cystic lesions depends on:
• What is the rationale for the use of oxytetracycline in the treatment of congenital flexural deformities?
• Which joint is treated by a superior check ligament desmotomy?
• What is the initial event in the trauma-associated pathogenesis of subchondral cystic lesions?
• Which angular limb deformity category is defined as 11-20 degrees?
• What are the nonsurgical treatment options for DIPJ flexural deformities?